Servo and measurement feedback system for CNC machine tools

Servo and measurement feedback system for CNC machine tools
The servo system is an important component of CNC machine tools, used to achieve feed servo control and spindle servo control of CNC machine tools. The function of the servo system is to convert the command information received from the CNC device, after power amplification and shaping processing, into linear or angular displacement motion of the machine tool's executing components. As the servo system is the final stage of CNC machine tools, its performance will directly affect the accuracy and speed of CNC machine tools and other technical indicators. Therefore, for the servo drive device of CNC machine tools, it is required to have good fast response performance, accurately and sensitively track the digital command signals issued by the CNC device, and be able to faithfully execute commands from the CNC device, improving the dynamic following characteristics and static tracking accuracy of the system.
The servo system consists of two major parts: a driving device and an executing mechanism. The driving device consists of a spindle driving unit, a feed driving unit, a spindle servo motor, and a feed servo motor. Stepper motors, DC servo motors, and AC servo motors are commonly used driving devices.
The measuring element detects the actual displacement values of each coordinate axis of the CNC machine tool and inputs them into the CNC device of the machine tool through the feedback system. The CNC device compares the feedback actual displacement values with the command values, and outputs the displacement instructions required to reach the set values to the servo system.