The five-axis machining process is basically the same as the three-axis machining process. The increase in the number of coordinate axes can reduce the number of clamping and positioning of the workpiece, realize the completion of as many processing contents as possible in one clamping, and realize process concentration.
In simple terms, in addition to the machine tool, the five-axis machining process system also includes a tool system (tool holder, tool), a fixture system and a workpiece system.
Some common five-axis tool systems
1.Universal tool holder:
The 7:24 taper shank is the most common form of spindle interface used in the machine tool field. It is easy to disassemble and has no self-locking. There are usually 5 standards and specifications, namely NT, DIN 69871 (German Standard), IS0 7388/1 (International Standard), MAS BT (Japanese Standard), ANSI/ASME (American Standard). The spindle tightens the shank by pulling the stud at the end of the shank. At present, the most used types in China are DIN 69871 type (JT) and MAS BT type.
2.High-speed tool holder:
Since the 7:24 universal handle is by the handle
7:24 Cone and machine tool spindle hole
The 7:24 taper surface contact positioning connection has limitations in three aspects: high-speed processing, connection rigidity and coincidence accuracy.
HSK appears in five-axis machining, especially at high speed, and there are many other types such as KM, NC5 tool holder, and CAPTO.
3.Tool handle structure:
Collet holders, heat shrink holders and hydraulic holders
(2) Five-axis related fixture system introduction
During five-axis CNC machining, positioning and clamping are important prerequisites to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Reducing the interference of the spindle and the tool by clamping the fixture, reducing the complex motion of the five-axis, improving the efficiency, and reducing the energy consumption is also one of the important functions of the fixture. The fixtures are classified as follows:
1) Common pliers and clamps;
2) Common self-centering chucks and components;
3) Commonly composed pressure plate;
4) Special fixture and application;
Flat-nose pliers are also commonly used fixtures in five-axis machining. They are mainly composed of movable pliers, fixed pliers, bases, and screw rods.
Self-centering chucks include three-jaw and four-jaw, and are common fixtures for five-axis machine tools. Chuck self-centering The chuck is easy to clamp and can be automatically centered.
(3) Introduction to the five-axis related platen combination
Combination platen is a casting machine tool accessory used for template, jig or sheet fixing. It has a wide range of uses, its clamping force is large, its structure is simple, it is convenient to use, it has a wide range of applications, and its price is low. It is used as an accessory for various types of machine tools.
(4) Introduction to special fixtures related to five-axis
A special fixture is a fixture specially designed and manufactured for a certain process of a specific part. The function of the fixture is single and targeted, and it is used in the production situation where the product is relatively stable and the batch is large.
The special fixture is composed of positioning elements, clamping devices, clamping bodies, connecting elements, tool setting, guiding elements, and other elements or devices.