CNC machine, called digital control machine tools in full, is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program control system. It is automatic equipment integrating machine tools, computers, motors and drag, automatic control, detection and other technologies. The parts are processed without manual operation. Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have multiple advantages such as high flexibility, high precision, high productivity, high stability, high reliability, high degree of automation, and strong adaptability. It is the development direction of modern machine tool control technology and is a typical example. Of mechatronics products.
The CNC machine tool is mainly composed of a processing program carrier, CNC device, servo system, the main body of the machine tool and other auxiliary devices. Among them, the processing program carrier is mainly used to complete the automation of the operation without manual operation; the numerical control device is the core part of the numerical control machine tool, including three basic modules of input, processing, and output, and mainly adopts the computer numerical control system (Computer Numerical Control, referred to as CNC) to realize the function of numerical control in the form of software; the servo system is mainly used to receive the instructions issued by the numerical control device, and convert it into the linear displacement or angular displacement movement of the machine tool execution part after power amplification and shaping; the main body of the machine tool refers to The mechanical body of the CNC machine tool is used to complete various cutting operations.
For CNC machine tools to process, first of all, processing information such as geometric data and process data of the workpiece must be compiled into a CNC machining program according to the specified code and format, and the machining program must be input into the CNC system by an appropriate method. The numerical control system performs data processing on the input processing program, outputs various information and instructions, and controls the various parts of the machine tool to move in an orderly manner according to regulations. The operation of the CNC machine tool is in the process of constant calculation, output, feedback, etc., so as to ensure the accuracy of the relative position between the tool and the workpiece.