In terms of the main development trends in the future, CNC machine tool technology presents a development trend of high-performance, multi-functional, customized, intelligent, and green, namely:
(1) High performance. During the development of CNC machine tools, efforts have been made to pursue higher machining accuracy, cutting speed, production efficiency, and reliability. In the future, CNC machine tools will achieve high-speed and high-precision direct interpolation of complex curves and surfaces and servo control with high dynamic response through further optimized machine structure, advanced control systems, and efficient mathematical algorithms; Through digital virtual simulation, optimized static and dynamic stiffness design, thermal stability control, online dynamic compensation, and other technologies, reliability and accuracy retention are greatly improved.
(2) Multifunctional. From the combination of different cutting processes (such as Turn-milling, milling) to the combination of different forming methods (such as the combination or mixing of forming methods such as additive manufacturing, reduced material manufacturing, and equal material manufacturing), the development of CNC machine tools and robot "machine machine" integration and collaboration; Develop from the traditional serial process chain of "CAD CAM CNC" to the one-step processing direction of "CAD+CAM+CNC integration" based on 3D solid models; From the networking of "machine machine" interconnection to the direction of "human machine thing" interconnection, edge/cloud computing supported processing big data processing.
(3) Customization. According to user requirements, customized development is provided in terms of machine tool structure, system configuration, professional programming, cutting tools, in machine measurement, and customized services are provided in terms of processing technology, cutting parameters, fault diagnosis, operation and maintenance. Technologies such as modular design, reconfigurable configuration, networked collaboration, software defined manufacturing, and mobile manufacturing will provide technical support for achieving customization.
(4) Intelligent. Through sensors and standard communication interfaces, it can sense and obtain signals and data of machine tool status and processing processes. Through transformation processing, modeling analysis, and data mining, it can learn the processing process, form information and instructions that support optimal decision-making, achieve monitoring, prediction, and control of machine tools and processing processes, and meet the requirements of high-quality, efficient, flexible, and adaptive processing. "Perception, interconnection, learning, decision-making and adaptation" will become the main functional characteristics of intelligent CNC machine tools. Processing big data, industrial Internet of Things, digital twins, edge computing/cloud computing, deep learning, etc. will help promote the development and progress of intelligent machine tools in the future.
(5) Greening. Technology is oriented towards the needs of sustainable development in the future, with eco-friendly design, lightweight structure, energy-saving and environmentally friendly manufacturing, optimized energy efficiency management, clean cutting technology, user-friendly human-machine interface, and green services throughout the product lifecycle.
Cutting machines are various processes (such as turning, milling, boring, drilling, grinding, etc.) that use tools or abrasive tools to act on the workpiece through mechanical energy to achieve material removal. The essence of the problem can be summed up in two points. First, what energy is used to remove material? How to control energy use? As mentioned at the beginning of this article, Machine Tool 1.0 directly provides mechanical energy to the machine tool using steam power to achieve various cutting processes, and the control method is manual control; Machine Tool 2.0 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive machine tools, bringing about the emergence of digitally controlled machine tools, which are controlled automatically; Machine Tool 3.0 is a computer-controlled machine tool brought about by computer and information technology, which has changed the way machine tool control and production organization are conducted, making it digital and networked.
Looking forward to the future, Machine Tool 4.0 will face new revolutionary changes, manifested in the following: first, the energy directly used in the material removal process has changed from mainly mechanical energy to multiple energy fields such as mechanical energy, electrical energy, optical energy, chemical energy, and combinations thereof. The second is the control method of energy use. On the one hand, intelligent control is the most important feature and trend of the recent development of future machine tools, which makes machine tools higher (accuracy), faster (efficiency), stronger (function), and more economical (green); On the other hand, the upcoming emergence of quantum computing and quantum computers, just like the revolutionary leap that electronic computers brought to CNC machine tools in the past, redefined a generation of CNC machine tools, and led to the emergence of CNC machine tools and production processes with entirely new principles and concepts.
Machine tools, as working machines, have provided manufacturing tools and methods for the industrial revolution and modern industrial development over the years; The future industrial development and human civilization progress will still be inseparable from the support and promotion of CNC machine tools. Looking forward to the future, the new round of industrial revolution has brought new challenges and opportunities to the development of CNC machine tools.
The integration of advanced manufacturing technology with the new generation of information technology and artificial intelligence has also provided technical support for technological innovation, product upgrading, and industrial upgrading of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tools will move towards high-performance, multi-functional, customized, intelligent, and green, and embrace the new quantum computing technology of the future, Provide stronger, more convenient, and more effective manufacturing tools for the new industrial revolution and the progress of human civilization.
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