The so-called five-axis machining here means that there are at least five coordinate axes (three linear coordinates and two rotation coordinates) on a machine tool, and the movement can be coordinated and processed simultaneously under the control of a computer numerical control (CNC) system. Compared with such three-axis simultaneous CNC machining, such five-axis simultaneous CNC machining has the following advantages:
First, it can process continuous and smooth free-form surfaces that cannot be processed by general three axes or is difficult to complete with one clamping. Such as the blades of aero-engines and steam turbines, screw propellers for ships, and many shells and molds with special curved surfaces and complicated cavities and holes, such as ordinary three-axis numerical control. The pose angle cannot be changed during the machining process. When machining some complex free-form surfaces, interference or under-machining may occur (that is, machining is impossible). When machining with a five-axis linkage machine tool, since the posture angle of the tool / workpiece can be adjusted at any time during the processing, the interference of the tool workpiece can be avoided and the entire processing can be completed in one clamping;
Second, it can improve the machining accuracy, quality and efficiency of free-form surfaces in space. For example, when a three-axis machine tool is used to process complex curved surfaces, ball-end milling cutters are often used. Ball-end milling cutters are formed by point contact. The cutting efficiency is low, and the tool / workpiece pose angle cannot be adjusted during processing. Generally, it is difficult to guarantee Use the best cutting point on the ball nose cutter (that is, the point where the ball head has the highest line speed) for cutting, and the cutting point may fall on the center line of the ball head knife when the line speed is zero. With a five-axis machine tool, since the tool / workpiece pose angle can be adjusted at any time, not only can this situation be avoided, but also the best cutting point of the tool can be used to cut at all times, or formed by wire contact. Spiral end mills instead of point-contact forming ball-end mills. You can even mill by further optimizing the position angle of the tool / workpiece to obtain higher cutting speeds and line widths, that is, higher cutting Efficiency and better surface quality.
Third, the advantages of mold processing. In traditional mold processing, a vertical machining center is generally used to complete the milling process of the workpiece. With the continuous development of mold manufacturing technology, some weaknesses of the vertical machining center itself have become more and more obvious. Ball mold milling cutters are commonly used in modern mold processing. Ball blade milling cutters bring significant benefits in mold processing, but if a vertical machining center is used, the linear velocity of the bottom surface is zero, so the bottom surface finish is poor If you use four or five axis linkage machine tool processing technology to process the mold, you can overcome the above disadvantages. Using five-axis linkage machine tool to process the mold can complete the mold processing quickly, fast delivery, better guarantee the mold processing quality, make mold processing easier, and make mold modification easier.