The laser engraving and cutting machine is divided into mechanical part, optical path part, and electrical part. The mechanical part includes machine base, body, beam, motor, coupling, guide rail, slider, belt, etc. The optical path part includes laser tube, reflecting lens, focusing lens, etc. Lens, laser tube base, mirror frame, laser head, etc. The electrical part (ie control system) includes driver, relay, switching power supply, air switch, emergency stop switch, control box, control panel, etc. As shown below:
Mechanical part：
1. Mechanical part structure
The machine tool is beautiful and elegant as a whole, the four corners are arc-shaped, and there is a drawer in the middle for easy access.
The equipment is well coordinated in the guide rails, sliders, couplings and motors, so when cutting the arc, the speed is fast and there is no sawtooth.
Orbit HLG15CA L:
Features: Imported linear guides are used, with high precision
Stepper Motor (STP-59D5073):
Features: It is driven by a Japanese three-phase stepping motor, which is stable and reliable, and has high precision.
Elastic Coupling (LK18-C34-0808WP)：
Features: (1) One-piece metal elastomer; (2) Zero backlash, synchronous operation; (3) Elastic action to compensate for radial, angular and axial deviations; (4) High torque rigidity and excellent sensitivity; (5) The clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation characteristics are exactly the same; (6) Maintenance-free, oil-resistant and corrosion-resistant; (7) Aluminum alloy and stainless steel materials are available; (8) The main fixing methods include jacking and clamping two kinds.
Common problems:
1) The transmission system of the laser engraving and cutting machine adopts a belt-type transmission system, and the belt should be tight and appropriate.
If the belt is too loose, there will be ghosting of the engraved characters. If the transmission belt is too tight, the transmission belt will be worn.
2) The cutting of the laser engraving machine is not smooth during the movement. You can first cut off the power and manually push the X-axis beam and the laser head to see if there is any jamming. If there is no problem, check whether the driver and motor cables are in good condition.
2. The structure of the optical path
Laser tube:
Features: It has the characteristics of good spot pattern, strong stability, more than 40% higher power than ordinary laser tubes, especially the service life of more than 2000 hours (the discharge tube is plated with catalyst and has a unique electrode treatment process).
Focus lens:
Features: The imported zinc selenide focusing lens from Ⅱ-Ⅵ company has the characteristics of high transmittance, good focusing effect and good stability.
Reflector:
Features: The use of high reflectance mirrors can double the output power of the laser; and it is the first reflection surface reflection, the reflected image is not distorted, and there is no ghosting, which is the reflection of the front surface.
The most problematic part of the optical path is that it cannot be cut through. When the laser tube and power supply are normal, the following points are analyze:
1) Check whether the water in the water tank and the laser tube is circulating and whether the water volume is large enough;
2) Check whether the optical path is not correct, that is, each beam of light must achieve the best reflection effect in the lens;
3) Check that the X-axis and Y-axis light spots are all at the same point.
method:
a) Make a point at the nearest end of the Y-axis, and a point at the farthest end, so that the farthest point is the same as the nearest point.
combine;
b) Move the X-axis to the middle of the Y-axis, and the dimming method is the same as a;
c) The light of the X-axis should hit the middle of the circular hole in front of the third reflector. If it is not in the middle, the laser tube needs to be adjusted. The method is as follows:
4) Check whether the laser hits the wall of the laser head, stick a piece of paper on the laser nozzle, and then shoot to see if the light is in the middle of the laser nozzle;
5) Check whether the focusing lens is installed backwards, with the concave side facing down.
3. Electrical part
We are now using Shenzhen Ruida's system, which is an advanced control system in the industry.
Controller panel:
Features: Adopt DSP control system, with USB transmission, can be used offline or online; U disk data reading function; Chinese and English systems can be changed at will; the processing speed and power can be changed during the working process, which is convenient for processing, improves work efficiency, and improves Features such as breakpoint and continuous carving.
Driver:
Features: (1) National patent "pure sine" current control technology; (2) High-speed torque; (3) Supply voltage up to 50VDC; (4) Peak output current up to 5.6A (average 4A); (5) Precision The current control greatly reduces the heating of the motor; (6) The current is automatically halved when stationary; (7) It can drive 4, 6, and 8-wire two-phase stepper motors; (8) Optically isolated differential signal input; (9) Pulse response The frequency can reach up to 400KHz (higher optional); (10) The current setting is convenient, and eight gears are optional; (11) The subdivision precision is up to 15 optional; (12) With overvoltage, undervoltage, short circuit, etc. Protective function.
Wiring diagram:
Features: Professional and scientific wiring, there is no potential safety hazard, and wire number wiring is used to facilitate maintenance.
120 fans (AC220):
Features: stable working performance, reliable long-term operation, and strong cooling function for the heat source.
Line introduction:
Large switching power supply: supply power to X, Y axis drivers, the power supply voltage is 36V.
Filter: Eliminate interference in AC 220V.
Relay: The one on the left is to supply power to the laser power supply, and the one on the right is to supply power to the large and small switching power supply, the fan fluorescent lamp and the emergency stop switch.
Small switching power supply: supply power to the control board, the power supply voltage is 24V.
Control board:
4. Other accessories
Electromagnetic Air Pump
Features: oil-free lubrication, strong and durable, metal shell, energy-saving motor, environmentally friendly design.
Water tank (CW-3000):
Features: No scale will be produced in the waterway of the laser machine, ensuring a constant water temperature, which can effectively prolong the service life of the laser equipment and improve its stability.
Fan:
Features: Strong wind power makes the whole machine have perfect dustproof and anti-pollution ability, which improves the stability of the whole machine performance.
5.Daily maintenance and maintenance
1. Lubricating oil for linear guide rails: After the laser engraving and cutting machine is used for a period of time, the smoke and dust generated by engraving and cutting have a corrosive effect on the guide rails, so the guide rails should be regularly maintained. Turn off the power of the laser engraving machine, clean the guide rail with a clean soft cloth, and then drip lubricating oil on the guide rail. After the oil is applied, let the slider roll back and forth on the guide rail to ensure that the lubricating oil enters the inside of the slider.
2. Wipe mirror | focusing mirror: After the laser engraving and cutting machine is used for a period of time, smoke and dust will adhere to the surface of the lens, which will affect the engraving and cutting depth, and also affect the engraving and cutting accuracy. To wipe frequently. (According to the frequency of use of the engraving machine) carefully wipe the three reflecting mirrors and one focusing mirror with anhydrous alcohol.
3. Maintenance of laser tube: The laser tube in the laser engraving and cutting machine is cooled by circulating water. After long-term use, there will be some white scale in the tube. We can add a small amount of vinegar to the circulating water to drain the water in the tube. Remove it, and then rinse the inside of the laser tube with clean water, so that the laser tube will be in the best working condition and its life will be extended.