As a highly automated intelligent processing equipment, five-axis machining centers are often used in high-end manufacturing. The five-axis machining center is suitable for processing free-form surface parts, turbine parts and impellers on aircraft and ships. We can find that the workpieces suitable for the five-axis machining center have a high degree of curved surface, which is difficult to form through one clamping. Therefore, the five-axis machine tool can process different sides of the workpiece without changing the position of the workpiece on the machine tool. Improve the processing efficiency of prismatic parts.
The five-axis machining center has three moving axes, X, Y, and Z, and any two rotating axes. Compared with the traditional three-axis machining center, the five-axis linkage technology of the five-axis machining center is used when processing workpieces with more complex geometric shapes. , The tool can be positioned and operated in five degrees of freedom. The machine tool used for five-axis machining is usually called a five-axis machine tool or a five-axis machining center. Five-axis machining is often used in the aerospace field to process body parts, turbine parts and impellers with free-form surfaces. The five-axis machine tool can process different sides of the workpiece without changing the position of the workpiece on the machine tool, which can greatly improve the processing efficiency of prismatic parts.
Many friends have a misunderstanding in cognition of the five-axis machining center, thinking that the five-axis machining center is based on the three-axis machining center, adding two rotation axes. These two rotary axes first fix the cutting tool in an inclined position, and then move and process by the feed axes X, Y, and Z. This kind of machining is actually because the fourth axis and the fifth axis are used to determine the direction of the tool at a fixed position, rather than running continuously during the machining process. Therefore, this is not a true five-axis linkage technology. The 3+2 axis machining center can meet the processing operations that ordinary machining centers cannot complete, but this is not a true five-axis machining center.
Compared with three-axis CNC machining, from the perspective of technology and programming, the use of five-axis CNC machining for complex curved surfaces has the following advantages:
(1) Improve processing quality and efficiency
(2) Expand the scope of the process
(3) Meet the new direction of composite development
However, due to interference and position control of the tool in the machining space, five-axis CNC machining has a much more complicated CNC programming, CNC system and machine tool structure than a three-axis machine tool. The true five-axis machining center has a tool point following function, which can ensure that the cutting point of the tool is in contact with the surface of the part without changing any parameters to avoid cutting pits. The tool direction can be optimized during the entire path movement, and the tool can move linearly at the same time. In this way, the best cutting condition can be maintained on the entire path.
The five-axis machining center is the most difficult and most widely used technology in CNC technology. It integrates computer control, high-performance servo drive and precision machining technology, and is used in the efficient, precise and automated machining of complex curved surfaces. Internationally, five-axis linkage numerical control technology is regarded as a symbol of the automation technology level of a country's production equipment. At present, it is particularly effective equipment for processing heterohedrons, boxes, and complex cavities. It has a decisive influence on a country's aerospace, military scientific research, precision equipment, automotive equipment, high-precision medical equipment and other fields.